地理空間データの取り扱いに欠かせないGDAL/OGRですが、その豊富なサポートフォーマットをどのように確認するかご存知でしょうか？GDALはラスターデータ、OGRはベクターデータを扱うため、それぞれの対応フォーマットを知っておくことは、データ処理をスムーズに進めるために非常に重要です。本記事では、簡単なコマンドを使って、GDALとOGRがサポートするフォーマットの確認方法を解説します。「超簡単！」というタイトルの通り、初心者でもすぐに実践できる内容となっていますので、ぜひ参考にしてください。
ラスターファイルフォーマットの確認
GDALがサポートするラスターファイルフォーマットを確認する場合は下記のコマンドを使います。
gdalinfo --formats各フォーマットの読み込みおよび書き込みサポート状況（”r” for read, “w” for write）を確認することができます。
ベクターファイルフォーマットの確認
GDALがサポートするベクターファイルフォーマットを確認する場合は下記のコマンドを使います。
ogrinfo --formatsラスター同様に、各フォーマットの読み込みおよび書き込みのサポート状況を確認することができます。
フォーマットサポートの略語
フォーマットサポートの略語については下記の表にまとめたので、どういった利用が可能なのか分からない時は参考にしてみてください。
| 略語 | 説明 |
|---|---|
| r: Read（読み込み） | データを読み取ることができることを示します。このフォーマットは読み込み専用です。 |
| w: Write（書き込み） | データを書き込むことができることを示します。このフォーマットは書き込みが可能です。 |
| rw: Read/Write（読み書き） | データの読み込みと書き込みの両方が可能です。 |
| v: Virtual I/O（仮想I/O） | このフォーマットは仮想I/Oをサポートしており、メモリ内のデータや他のデータソースを仮想的に扱うことが可能です。 |
| +: Advanced Operations（高度な操作） | 通常の読み書き操作に加え、追加の高度な操作（例えば、ファイルの削除やフィーチャーの追加）がサポートされていることを示します。 |
| s: Subdatasets（サブデータセット） | メインのデータセットに対して、サブデータセットの扱いが可能であることを示します。これは、例えば複数のレイヤーやバンドを持つデータセットで有用です。 |
コマンド実行結果
GDAL 3.7.0でのコマンド実行例を記載します。
バージョンの確認
gdalinfo --version
GDAL 3.7.0dev-8ec21bbf7073f9105a2b4bf70adb6dce0d295874, released 2023/02/22gdalinfo –formats
# gdalinfo --formats
Supported Formats:
VRT -raster,multidimensional raster- (rw+v): Virtual Raster
DERIVED -raster- (ro): Derived datasets using VRT pixel functions
GTiff -raster- (rw+vs): GeoTIFF
COG -raster- (wv): Cloud optimized GeoTIFF generator
NITF -raster- (rw+vs): National Imagery Transmission Format
RPFTOC -raster- (rovs): Raster Product Format TOC format
ECRGTOC -raster- (rovs): ECRG TOC format
HFA -raster- (rw+v): Erdas Imagine Images (.img)
SAR_CEOS -raster- (rov): CEOS SAR Image
CEOS -raster- (rov): CEOS Image
JAXAPALSAR -raster- (rov): JAXA PALSAR Product Reader (Level 1.1/1.5)
GFF -raster- (rov): Ground-based SAR Applications Testbed File Format (.gff)
ELAS -raster- (rw+v): ELAS
ESRIC -raster- (rov): Esri Compact Cache
AIG -raster- (rov): Arc/Info Binary Grid
AAIGrid -raster- (rwv): Arc/Info ASCII Grid
GRASSASCIIGrid -raster- (rov): GRASS ASCII Grid
ISG -raster- (rov): International Service for the Geoid
SDTS -raster- (rov): SDTS Raster
DTED -raster- (rwv): DTED Elevation Raster
PNG -raster- (rwv): Portable Network Graphics
JPEG -raster- (rwv): JPEG JFIF
MEM -raster,multidimensional raster- (rw+): In Memory Raster
JDEM -raster- (rov): Japanese DEM (.mem)
GIF -raster- (rwv): Graphics Interchange Format (.gif)
BIGGIF -raster- (rov): Graphics Interchange Format (.gif)
ESAT -raster- (rov): Envisat Image Format
FITS -raster,vector- (rw+): Flexible Image Transport System
BSB -raster- (rov): Maptech BSB Nautical Charts
XPM -raster- (rwv): X11 PixMap Format
BMP -raster- (rw+v): MS Windows Device Independent Bitmap
DIMAP -raster- (rovs): SPOT DIMAP
AirSAR -raster- (rov): AirSAR Polarimetric Image
RS2 -raster- (rovs): RadarSat 2 XML Product
SAFE -raster- (rov): Sentinel-1 SAR SAFE Product
PCIDSK -raster,vector- (rw+v): PCIDSK Database File
PCRaster -raster- (rw+): PCRaster Raster File
ILWIS -raster- (rw+v): ILWIS Raster Map
SGI -raster- (rw+v): SGI Image File Format 1.0
SRTMHGT -raster- (rwv): SRTMHGT File Format
Leveller -raster- (rw+v): Leveller heightfield
Terragen -raster- (rw+v): Terragen heightfield
netCDF -raster,multidimensional raster,vector- (rw+vs): Network Common Data Format
HDF4 -raster,multidimensional raster- (ros): Hierarchical Data Format Release 4
HDF4Image -raster- (rw+): HDF4 Dataset
ISIS3 -raster- (rw+v): USGS Astrogeology ISIS cube (Version 3)
ISIS2 -raster- (rw+v): USGS Astrogeology ISIS cube (Version 2)
PDS -raster- (rov): NASA Planetary Data System
PDS4 -raster,vector- (rw+vs): NASA Planetary Data System 4
VICAR -raster,vector- (rw+v): MIPL VICAR file
TIL -raster- (rov): EarthWatch .TIL
ERS -raster- (rw+v): ERMapper .ers Labelled
JP2OpenJPEG -raster,vector- (rwv): JPEG-2000 driver based on OpenJPEG library
L1B -raster- (rovs): NOAA Polar Orbiter Level 1b Data Set
FIT -raster- (rwv): FIT Image
GRIB -raster,multidimensional raster- (rwv): GRIdded Binary (.grb, .grb2)
RMF -raster- (rw+v): Raster Matrix Format
WCS -raster- (rovs): OGC Web Coverage Service
WMS -raster- (rwvs): OGC Web Map Service
MSGN -raster- (rov): EUMETSAT Archive native (.nat)
RST -raster- (rw+v): Idrisi Raster A.1
GSAG -raster- (rwv): Golden Software ASCII Grid (.grd)
GSBG -raster- (rw+v): Golden Software Binary Grid (.grd)
GS7BG -raster- (rw+v): Golden Software 7 Binary Grid (.grd)
COSAR -raster- (rov): COSAR Annotated Binary Matrix (TerraSAR-X)
TSX -raster- (rov): TerraSAR-X Product
COASP -raster- (ro): DRDC COASP SAR Processor Raster
R -raster- (rwv): R Object Data Store
MAP -raster- (rov): OziExplorer .MAP
KMLSUPEROVERLAY -raster- (rwv): Kml Super Overlay
WEBP -raster- (rwv): WEBP
PDF -raster,vector- (rw+vs): Geospatial PDF
Rasterlite -raster- (rwvs): Rasterlite
MBTiles -raster,vector- (rw+v): MBTiles
PLMOSAIC -raster- (ro): Planet Labs Mosaics API
CALS -raster- (rwv): CALS (Type 1)
WMTS -raster- (rwv): OGC Web Map Tile Service
SENTINEL2 -raster- (rovs): Sentinel 2
MRF -raster- (rw+v): Meta Raster Format
TileDB -raster- (rw+vs): TileDB
PNM -raster- (rw+v): Portable Pixmap Format (netpbm)
DOQ1 -raster- (rov): USGS DOQ (Old Style)
DOQ2 -raster- (rov): USGS DOQ (New Style)
PAux -raster- (rw+v): PCI .aux Labelled
MFF -raster- (rw+v): Vexcel MFF Raster
MFF2 -raster- (rw+): Vexcel MFF2 (HKV) Raster
GSC -raster- (rov): GSC Geogrid
FAST -raster- (rov): EOSAT FAST Format
BT -raster- (rw+v): VTP .bt (Binary Terrain) 1.3 Format
LAN -raster- (rw+v): Erdas .LAN/.GIS
CPG -raster- (rov): Convair PolGASP
NDF -raster- (rov): NLAPS Data Format
EIR -raster- (rov): Erdas Imagine Raw
DIPEx -raster- (rov): DIPEx
LCP -raster- (rwv): FARSITE v.4 Landscape File (.lcp)
GTX -raster- (rw+v): NOAA Vertical Datum .GTX
LOSLAS -raster- (rov): NADCON .los/.las Datum Grid Shift
NTv2 -raster- (rw+vs): NTv2 Datum Grid Shift
CTable2 -raster- (rw+v): CTable2 Datum Grid Shift
ACE2 -raster- (rov): ACE2
SNODAS -raster- (rov): Snow Data Assimilation System
KRO -raster- (rw+v): KOLOR Raw
ROI_PAC -raster- (rw+v): ROI_PAC raster
RRASTER -raster- (rw+v): R Raster
BYN -raster- (rw+v): Natural Resources Canada's Geoid
NOAA_B -raster- (rov): NOAA GEOCON/NADCON5 .b format
NSIDCbin -raster- (rov): NSIDC Sea Ice Concentrations binary (.bin)
ARG -raster- (rwv): Azavea Raster Grid format
RIK -raster- (rov): Swedish Grid RIK (.rik)
USGSDEM -raster- (rwv): USGS Optional ASCII DEM (and CDED)
GXF -raster- (rov): GeoSoft Grid Exchange Format
KEA -raster- (rw+v): KEA Image Format (.kea)
BAG -raster,multidimensional raster,vector- (rw+v): Bathymetry Attributed Grid
HDF5 -raster,multidimensional raster- (rovs): Hierarchical Data Format Release 5
HDF5Image -raster- (rov): HDF5 Dataset
NWT_GRD -raster- (rw+v): Northwood Numeric Grid Format .grd/.tab
NWT_GRC -raster- (rov): Northwood Classified Grid Format .grc/.tab
ADRG -raster- (rw+vs): ARC Digitized Raster Graphics
SRP -raster- (rovs): Standard Raster Product (ASRP/USRP)
BLX -raster- (rwv): Magellan topo (.blx)
PostGISRaster -raster- (rws): PostGIS Raster driver
SAGA -raster- (rw+v): SAGA GIS Binary Grid (.sdat, .sg-grd-z)
XYZ -raster- (rwv): ASCII Gridded XYZ
HF2 -raster- (rwv): HF2/HFZ heightfield raster
OZI -raster- (rov): OziExplorer Image File
CTG -raster- (rov): USGS LULC Composite Theme Grid
ZMap -raster- (rwv): ZMap Plus Grid
NGSGEOID -raster- (rov): NOAA NGS Geoid Height Grids
IRIS -raster- (rov): IRIS data (.PPI, .CAPPi etc)
PRF -raster- (rov): Racurs PHOTOMOD PRF
EEDAI -raster- (ros): Earth Engine Data API Image
DAAS -raster- (ro): Airbus DS Intelligence Data As A Service driver
SIGDEM -raster- (rwv): Scaled Integer Gridded DEM .sigdem
EXR -raster- (rw+vs): Extended Dynamic Range Image File Format
HEIF -raster- (rov): ISO/IEC 23008-12:2017 High Efficiency Image File Format
TGA -raster- (rov): TGA/TARGA Image File Format
OGCAPI -raster,vector- (rov): OGCAPI
STACTA -raster- (rovs): Spatio-Temporal Asset Catalog Tiled Assets
STACIT -raster- (rovs): Spatio-Temporal Asset Catalog Items
JPEGXL -raster- (rwv): JPEG-XL
GPKG -raster,vector- (rw+vs): GeoPackage
SQLite -raster,vector- (rw+v): SQLite / Spatialite / RasterLite2
CAD -raster,vector- (rovs): AutoCAD Driver
PLSCENES -raster,vector- (ro): Planet Labs Scenes API
NGW -raster,vector- (rw+s): NextGIS Web
GenBin -raster- (rov): Generic Binary (.hdr Labelled)
ENVI -raster- (rw+v): ENVI .hdr Labelled
EHdr -raster- (rw+v): ESRI .hdr Labelled
ISCE -raster- (rw+v): ISCE raster
Zarr -raster,multidimensional raster- (rw+vs): Zarr
HTTP -raster,vector- (ro): HTTP Fetching Wrapperogrinfo –formats
# ogrinfo --formats
Supported Formats:
FITS -raster,vector- (rw+): Flexible Image Transport System
PCIDSK -raster,vector- (rw+v): PCIDSK Database File
netCDF -raster,multidimensional raster,vector- (rw+vs): Network Common Data Format
PDS4 -raster,vector- (rw+vs): NASA Planetary Data System 4
VICAR -raster,vector- (rw+v): MIPL VICAR file
JP2OpenJPEG -raster,vector- (rwv): JPEG-2000 driver based on OpenJPEG library
PDF -raster,vector- (rw+vs): Geospatial PDF
MBTiles -raster,vector- (rw+v): MBTiles
BAG -raster,multidimensional raster,vector- (rw+v): Bathymetry Attributed Grid
EEDA -vector- (ro): Earth Engine Data API
OGCAPI -raster,vector- (rov): OGCAPI
ESRI Shapefile -vector- (rw+v): ESRI Shapefile
MapInfo File -vector- (rw+v): MapInfo File
UK .NTF -vector- (rov): UK .NTF
LVBAG -vector- (rov): Kadaster LV BAG Extract 2.0
OGR_SDTS -vector- (rov): SDTS
S57 -vector- (rw+v): IHO S-57 (ENC)
DGN -vector- (rw+v): Microstation DGN
OGR_VRT -vector- (rov): VRT - Virtual Datasource
Memory -vector- (rw+): Memory
CSV -vector- (rw+v): Comma Separated Value (.csv)
NAS -vector- (rov): NAS - ALKIS
GML -vector- (rw+v): Geography Markup Language (GML)
GPX -vector- (rw+v): GPX
LIBKML -vector- (rw+v): Keyhole Markup Language (LIBKML)
KML -vector- (rw+v): Keyhole Markup Language (KML)
GeoJSON -vector- (rw+v): GeoJSON
GeoJSONSeq -vector- (rw+v): GeoJSON Sequence
ESRIJSON -vector- (rov): ESRIJSON
TopoJSON -vector- (rov): TopoJSON
Interlis 1 -vector- (rw+v): Interlis 1
Interlis 2 -vector- (rw+v): Interlis 2
OGR_GMT -vector- (rw+v): GMT ASCII Vectors (.gmt)
GPKG -raster,vector- (rw+vs): GeoPackage
SQLite -raster,vector- (rw+v): SQLite / Spatialite / RasterLite2
ODBC -vector- (ro):
WAsP -vector- (rw+v): WAsP .map format
PGeo -vector- (ro): ESRI Personal GeoDatabase
MSSQLSpatial -vector- (rw+): Microsoft SQL Server Spatial Database
OGR_OGDI -vector- (ro): OGDI Vectors (VPF, VMAP, DCW)
PostgreSQL -vector- (rw+): PostgreSQL/PostGIS
MySQL -vector- (rw+): MySQL
OpenFileGDB -vector- (rw+v): ESRI FileGDB
DXF -vector- (rw+v): AutoCAD DXF
CAD -raster,vector- (rovs): AutoCAD Driver
FlatGeobuf -vector- (rw+v): FlatGeobuf
Geoconcept -vector- (rw+v): Geoconcept
GeoRSS -vector- (rw+v): GeoRSS
VFK -vector- (ro): Czech Cadastral Exchange Data Format
PGDUMP -vector- (w+v): PostgreSQL SQL dump
OSM -vector- (rov): OpenStreetMap XML and PBF
GPSBabel -vector- (rw+): GPSBabel
OGR_PDS -vector- (rov): Planetary Data Systems TABLE
WFS -vector- (rov): OGC WFS (Web Feature Service)
OAPIF -vector- (ro): OGC API - Features
SOSI -vector- (ro): Norwegian SOSI Standard
EDIGEO -vector- (rov): French EDIGEO exchange format
SVG -vector- (rov): Scalable Vector Graphics
Idrisi -vector- (rov): Idrisi Vector (.vct)
XLS -vector- (ro): MS Excel format
ODS -vector- (rw+v): Open Document/ LibreOffice / OpenOffice Spreadsheet
XLSX -vector- (rw+v): MS Office Open XML spreadsheet
Elasticsearch -vector- (rw+): Elastic Search
Carto -vector- (rw+): Carto
AmigoCloud -vector- (rw+): AmigoCloud
SXF -vector- (rov): Storage and eXchange Format
Selafin -vector- (rw+v): Selafin
JML -vector- (rw+v): OpenJUMP JML
PLSCENES -raster,vector- (ro): Planet Labs Scenes API
CSW -vector- (ro): OGC CSW (Catalog Service for the Web)
MongoDBv3 -vector- (ro): MongoDB (using libmongocxx v3 client)
VDV -vector- (rw+v): VDV-451/VDV-452/INTREST Data Format
GMLAS -vector- (rwv): Geography Markup Language (GML) driven by application schemas
MVT -vector- (rw+v): Mapbox Vector Tiles
NGW -raster,vector- (rw+s): NextGIS Web
MapML -vector- (rw+v): MapML
Parquet -vector- (rw+v): (Geo)Parquet
Arrow -vector- (rw+v): (Geo)Arrow IPC File Format / Stream
GTFS -vector- (rov): General Transit Feed Specification
TIGER -vector- (rov): U.S. Census TIGER/Line
AVCBin -vector- (rov): Arc/Info Binary Coverage
AVCE00 -vector- (rov): Arc/Info E00 (ASCII) Coverage
HTTP -raster,vector- (ro): HTTP Fetching Wrapper
